Modeling of Solar PV Plant
It converts sun’s rays into
electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells using the photons of light
from sun.
For Solar plant lead acid
deep-cycle storage batteries are used for storing the energy generated by PV
panels for providing backup to the system when sun is not present. DOD
is the complement of State of Charge (SOC). It describes
the degree to which a battery is emptied relative to its total capacity. This
affects the length of the battery’s operational life, as well as the total
number of kilowatt-hours it will be able to store over its lifetime. DOD should be taken as 50%. If a lead-acid battery is discharged 100% every
time its electrolyte will quickly degrade compared to if it were only
discharged to a maximum of 50%.
3. MPPT Charge Controller
Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is a kind of charge controller that utilizes the
solar panel power to its maximum potential. The MPPT fools the panels by giving
output with different voltage and current which will allow more power to go
into the batteries. Output voltage and current from the solar panel is
monitored by MPPT and operating point that will deliver that maximum amount of
power to the batteries will be determined. MPPT can accurately track the
always-changing operating point where the power is at its maximum, thus the
efficiency of the solar cell will be increased. Many algorithms have been
developed for tracking maximum power point of a PV generator such as Perturb
and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance, and fuzzy logic based tracking
techniques. These algorithms vary in effectiveness, complexity, convergence
speed, sensors required and cost.
AC and DC elements requires a converter. It acts as both rectifier and inverter
accordingly.
